The Country of Jordan - Facts and History

The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is a stable oasis in the Middle East, and its government often plays the role of mediator between neighboring countries and factions.  Jordan came into being in the 20th century as part of the French and British division of the Arabian Peninsula; Jordan became a British Mandate under the UNs approval until 1946, when it became independent. Capital and Major Cities Capital:  Amman, population 2.5 million Major cities: Az Zarqa, 1.65 million Irbid, 650,000 Ar Ramtha, 120,000 Al Karak, 109,000 Government The Kingdom of Jordan is a constitutional monarchy under the rule of King Abdullah II.  He serves as the chief executive and the commander-in-chief of Jordans armed forces.  The king also appoints all 60 members of one of the two houses of Parliament, the Majlis al-Aayan or Assembly of Notables. The other house of Parliament, the Majlis al-Nuwaab or Chamber of Deputies, has 120 members who are directly elected by the people.  Jordan has a multi-party system, although the majority of politicians run as independents.  By law, political parties can not be based on religion. Jordans court system is independent of the king, and includes a supreme court called the Court of Cassation, as well as several Courts of Appeal.  The lower courts are divided by the types of cases they hear into civil and sharia courts.  Civil courts decide criminal matters as well as some types of civil cases, including those that involve parties from different religions.  Sharia courts have jurisdiction over Muslim citizens only and hear cases involving marriage, divorce, inheritance, and charitable giving (waqf). Population The population of Jordan is estimated at 6.5 million as of 2012.  As a relatively stable part of a chaotic region, Jordan plays host to enormous numbers of refugees, as well.  Almost 2 million Palestinian refugees live in Jordan, many since 1948, and more than 300,000 of them still live in refugee camps.  They have been joined by some 15,000 Lebanese, 700,000 Iraqis, and most recently, 500,000 Syrians. About 98% of Jordanians are Arabs, with small populations of Circassians, Armenians, and Kurds making up the remaining 2%.  Approximately 83% of the population lives in urban areas.  The population growth rate is a very modest 0.14% as of 2013. Languages Jordans official language is Arabic.  English is the most commonly used second language  and is widely spoken by middle and upper-class Jordanians. Religion Approximately 92% of Jordanians are Sunni Muslim, and Islam is the official religion of Jordan.  This number has rapidly increased over recent decades, as Christians formed 30% of the population as recently as 1950.  Today, just 6% of Jordanians are Christians - mostly Greek Orthodox, with smaller communities from other Orthodox churches.  The remaining 2% of the population are mostly Bahai or Druze. Geography Jordan has a total area of 89,342 square kilometers (34,495 square miles)  and is not quite landlocked.  Its only port city is Aqaba, situated on the narrow Gulf of Aqaba, which empties into the Red Sea.  Jordans coastline stretches just 26 kilometers, or 16 miles. To the south and east, Jordan borders on Saudi Arabia.  To the west is Israel and the Palestinian West Bank.  On the northern border sits Syria, while to the east is Iraq. Eastern Jordan is characterized by desert terrain, dotted with oases.  The western highland area is more suitable for agriculture  and boasts a Mediterranean climate and evergreen forests.   The highest point in Jordan is Jabal Umm al Dami, at 1,854 meters (6,083 feet) above sea level.  The lowest is the Dead Sea, at -420 meters (-1,378 feet). Climate The climate shades from Mediterranean to desert moving west to east across Jordan.  In the northwest, an average of about 500 mm (20 inches) or rain falls per year, while in the east the average is just 120 mm (4.7 inches).  Most of the precipitation falls between November and April  and may include snow at higher elevations. The highest recorded temperature in Amman, Jordan was 41.7 degrees Celsius (107 Fahrenheit).  The lowest was -5 degrees Celsius (23 Fahrenheit). Economy The World Bank labels Jordan an upper middle-income country, and its economy has grown slowly but steadily at about 2 to 4% per year over the past decade.  The kingdom has a small, struggling agricultural and industrial base, due in large part to its shortages of fresh water and oil.   Jordans per capita income is $6,100 US.  Its official unemployment rate is 12.5%, although the youth unemployment rate is closer to 30%.  Approximately 14% of Jordanians live below the poverty line. The government employs up to two-thirds of the Jordanian workforce, although King Abdullah has moved to privatize industry.  About 77% of Jordans workers are employed in the service sector, including trade and finance, transportation, public utilities, etc.  Tourism at sites such as the famous city of Petra accounts for about 12% of Jordans gross domestic product. Jordan hopes to improve its economic situation in coming years by bring four nuclear power plants on-line, which will reduce expensive diesel imports from Saudi Arabia, and by beginning to exploit its oil-shale reserves.  In the meanwhile, it relies on foreign aid. Jordans currency is the dinar, which has an exchange rate of 1 dinar 1.41 USD. History Archaeological evidence shows that humans have lived in what is now Jordan for at least 90,000 years.  This evidence includes Paleolithic tools such as knives, hand-axes, and scrapers made of flint and basalt. Jordan is part of the Fertile Crescent, one of the world regions were agriculture likely originated during the Neolithic period (8,500 - 4,500 BCE).  People in the area likely domesticated grains, peas, lentils, goats, and later cats to protect their stored food from rodents.   Jordans written history begins in Biblical times, with the kingdoms of Ammon, Moab, and Edom, which are mentioned in the Old Testament.  The Roman Empire conquered much of what is now Jordan, even taking in 103 CE the powerful trading kingdom of the Nabateans, whose capital was the intricately carved city of Petra. After the Prophet Muhammad died, the first Muslim dynasty created the Umayyad Empire (661 - 750 CE), which included what is now Jordan.  Amman became a major provincial city in the Umayyad region called Al-Urdun, or Jordan.  When the Abbasid Empire (750 - 1258) moved its capital away from Damascus to Baghdad, to be closer to the center of their expanding empire, Jordan fell into obscurity. The Mongols brought down the Abbasid Caliphate in 1258, and Jordan came under their rule.  They were followed by the Crusaders, the Ayyubids, and the Mamluks in turn.  In 1517, Ottoman Empire conquered what is now Jordan. Under Ottoman rule, Jordan enjoyed benign neglect.  Functionally, local Arab governors ruled the region with little interference from Istanbul.  This continued for four centuries  until the Ottoman Empire fell in 1922 after its defeat in World War I.   When the Ottoman Empire collapsed, the League of Nations assumed a mandate over its Middle Eastern territories.  Britain and France agreed to divide up the region, as the mandatory powers, with France taking Syria and Lebanon, and Britain taking Palestine (which included Transjordan).  In 1922, Britain assigned a Hashemite lord, Abdullah I, to govern Transjordan; his brother Faisal was appointed king of Syria, and later was moved to Iraq.   King Abdullah acquired a country with only about 200,000 citizens, approximately half of them nomadic.  On May 22, 1946, the United Nations abolished the mandate for Transjordan and it became a sovereign state.  Transjordan officially opposed the partition of Palestine and creation of Israel two years later, and joined in the 1948 Arab/Israeli War.  Israel prevailed, and the first of several floods of Palestinian refugees moved into Jordan. In 1950, Jordan annexed the West Bank and East Jerusalem, a move that most other nations refused to recognize.  The following year, a Palestinian assassin killed King Abdullah I during a visit to the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem.  The assassin was angry about Abdullahs land-grab of the Palestinian West Bank. A brief stint by Abdullahs mentally unstable son, Talal, was followed by the ascension of Abdullahs 18-year-old grandson to the throne in 1953.  The new king, Hussein, embarked on an experiment with liberalism, with a new constitution that guaranteed freedoms of speech, the press, and assembly.   In May of 1967, Jordan signed a mutual defense treaty with Egypt.  One month later, Israel obliterated the Egyptian, Syrian, Iraqi, and Jordanian militaries in the Six-Day War, and took the West Bank and East Jerusalem from Jordan.  A second, larger wave of Palestinian refugees rushed into Jordan.  Soon, Palestinian militants (fedayeen) began causing trouble for their host-country, even highjacking three international flights and forcing them to land in Jordan.  In September of 1970, the Jordanian military launched an attack on the fedayeen; Syrian tanks invaded northern Jordan in support of the militants.  In July  1971, the Jordanians defeated the Syrians and fedayeen, driving them across the border. Just two years later, Jordan sent an army brigade to Syria to help fend off the Israeli counteroffensive in the Yom Kippur War (Ramadan War) of 1973.  Jordan itself was not a target during that conflict.  In 1988, Jordan formally gave up its claim to the West Bank, and also announced its support for the Palestinians in their First Intifada against Israel. During the First Gulf War (1990 - 1991), Jordan supported Saddam Hussein, which caused a break-down of US/Jordanian relations.  The US withdrew aid from Jordan, causing economic distress.  To get back in international good graces, in 1994 Jordan signed a peace treaty with Israel, ending almost 50 years of declared war. In 1999, King Hussein died of lymphatic cancer  and was succeeded by his eldest son, who became King Abdullah II.  Under Abdullah, Jordan has followed a policy of non-entanglement with its volatile neighbors  and endured further influxes of refugees.

Middle Ages Of Egypt And Its Effect On Education - 2240 Words

Education began around 3000 to 500 B.C.E. in the early ages of Egypt and has been advancing and changing ever since. Technology has played a huge role in the progression of where education stands today but education has also seen a tough set back in critical aspects of serving its purpose of providing children with a proper education s that they are prepared and can succeed. Although some may find that the current education system in America, even in the depressed urban school settings, are functioning just fine, many people will advocate that drastic changes need to be done to fix the problems. Tenure does not pose any harm toward the education system; it gives teachers a stable environment to work in so that they are able to teach†¦show more content†¦David McGrath, a teacher at Edison State College says, â€Å"Tenure ensures academic freedom to teach important concepts such as evolution and classic texts† (Teacher Tenure). A school most likely will not be willin g put in thousands of dollars and spend months exhausting court dates and other meetings because a teacher had taught a controversial book. The teacher would most likely be given smack on the back of the hand and it will be over with. When charter schools are implemented in urban school settings it draws money away from the other public schools in the same district. Superintendent Hank Allen argues that putting up new charter school next to a hurting public school is only avoiding the problems next door; â€Å"it’s sort of like having a road or highway that you can’t take care of then adding a new highway that you’re going to have to take care of. That’s the analogy [he] would use, because [he believes] we should first take care of what we have, before talking about adding charter schools,† (Moore 2). This supports the view that a focused attention on the shiny new charter schools results in a lack of dedication to the children who are left behind at the public school. Former representative James C. Fields of Alabama opposes the idea of charter schools seeing that â€Å"public funding is already based on their

Partial Balance Sheet Essay Example For Students

Partial Balance Sheet Essay exercises Exercise 5-1 Installment sales; alternative recognition methods ( LO1 LO2 On June 1, 2006, the Luttman and Dowd Company sold inventory to the Ushman Corporation for $400,000. Terms of the sale called for a down payment of $100,000 and four annual installments of $75,000 due on each June 1, beginning June 1, 2007. Each installment also will include interest on the unpaid balance applying an appropriate interest rate. The inventory cost Foster $150,000. The company uses the perpetual inventory system. Required: 1. Compute the amount of gross profit to be recognized from the installment sale in 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2010 using point of delivery revenue recognition. Ignore interest charges. 2. Repeat requirement 1 applying the installment sales method. 3. Repeat requirement 1 applying the cost recovery method. Exercise 5-2 Construction accounting; percentage-of-completion and completed contract methods ( LO4 The Ugenti Construction Company contracted to construct a warehouse building for $2,600,000. Construction began in 2006 and was completed in 2007. Data relating to the contract are summarized below: 20062007 Costs incurred during the year$ 360,000$1,650,000 Estimated costs to complete as of 12/311,560,000 Billings during the year 430,000 2,130,000 Cash collections during the year320,000 2,280,000 Required: 1. Compute the amount of gross profit or loss to be recognized in 2006 and 2007 using the percentage-of-completion method. 2. Compute the amount of gross profit or loss to be recognized in 2006 and 2007 using the completed contract method. 3. Prepare a partial balance sheet to show how the information related to this contract would be presented at the end of 2006 using the percentage-of completion method. 4. Prepare a partial balance sheet to show how the information related to this contract would be presented at the end of 2006 using the completed contract method. Exercise 5-3 Percentage-of-completion method; loss projected on entire project ( LO4 On April 13, 2006, the Pagano Construction Company entered into a three-year construction contract to build a mall for a price of $12,000,000. During 2006, costs of $3,000,000 were incurred with estimated costs of $6,000,000 yet to be incurred. Billings of $3,800,000 were sent and cash collected was $3,250,000. In 2007, costs incurred were $4,000,000 with remaining costs estimated to be $5,600,000. 007 billings were $3,500,000 and $3,600,000 cash was collected. The project was completed in 2008 after additional costs of $5,800,000 were incurred. The company’s fiscal year-end is December 31. Arrow uses the percentage-of-completion method. Required: 1. Calculate the amount of gross profit or loss to be recognized in each of the three year s. 2. Prepare journal entries for 2006 and 2007 to record the transactions described (credit â€Å"Various accounts† for construction costs incurred). 3. Prepare a partial balance sheet to show the presentation of the project as of December 31, 2006 and 2007. Exercise 5-4 Franchise sales; revenue recognition ( LO5 On November 15, 2006, the Coldstone Ice Cream Company entered into a franchise agreement with an individual. In exchange for an initial franchise fee of $25,000, Coldstone will provide initial services to the franchisee to include assistance in design and construction of the building, help in training employees, help in obtaining financing, and management advice over the first five years of the ten-year franchise agreement. 50% of the initial franchise fee is payable on November 15, 2006, with the remaining $12,500 payable in five equal annual installments beginning on November 15, 2007. These installments will include interest at an appropriate rate. The franchise opened for business on February 15, 2007. Required: Assume that the initial services to be performed by Coldstone subsequent to November 15, 2006, are substantial and that collectibility of the installment receivable is reasonably certain. Substantial performance of the initial services is deemed to have occurred when the franchise opened. Prepare the necessary journal entries for the following dates (ignoring interest charges): 1. November 15, 2006, and 2. February 15, 2007. Exercise 5-5 .u8596f4c78605d5d20cfc5793a93d33ee , .u8596f4c78605d5d20cfc5793a93d33ee .postImageUrl , .u8596f4c78605d5d20cfc5793a93d33ee .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8596f4c78605d5d20cfc5793a93d33ee , .u8596f4c78605d5d20cfc5793a93d33ee:hover , .u8596f4c78605d5d20cfc5793a93d33ee:visited , .u8596f4c78605d5d20cfc5793a93d33ee:active { border:0!important; } .u8596f4c78605d5d20cfc5793a93d33ee .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8596f4c78605d5d20cfc5793a93d33ee { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8596f4c78605d5d20cfc5793a93d33ee:active , .u8596f4c78605d5d20cfc5793a93d33ee:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8596f4c78605d5d20cfc5793a93d33ee .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8596f4c78605d5d20cfc5793a93d33ee .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8596f4c78605d5d20cfc5793a93d33ee .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8596f4c78605d5d20cfc5793a93d33ee .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8596f4c78605d5d20cfc5793a93d33ee:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8596f4c78605d5d20cfc5793a93d33ee .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8596f4c78605d5d20cfc5793a93d33ee .u8596f4c78605d5d20cfc5793a93d33ee-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8596f4c78605d5d20cfc5793a93d33ee:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Smithsonian Museum Visit EssayEvaluating efficiency of asset management ( LO6 The year 2006 income statement of Garret Sons Music Company reported net sales of $10 million, cost of goods sold of $6 million, and net income of $1 million. The following table shows the companys comparative balance sheets for 2006 and 2005: ($ in 000s) Assets:20062005 Cash$ 240$ 280 Accounts receivable800600 Inventory850700 Property, plant, and equipment (net) 2,600 2,520 Total assets$4,490$4,100 Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity: Current liabilities$ 720$ 650 Notes payable 6001,000 Paid-in capital 2,0002,000 Retained earnings 1,170 450 Total liabilities and shareholders equity$4,490$4,100 Some industry averages for the company’s line of business are: _______________________________________ inventory turnover 6 times average collection period 28 days asset turnover 2times _______________________________________ Required: Assess Garret Sons asset management relative to its industry. Exercise 5-6 Profitability ratios ( LO6 The following condensed information was reported by Sanders Manufacturing, Inc. for 2006 and 2005: ($ in 000s) 20062005 Income statement information: Net sales$7,200$6,800 Net income 360 408 Balance Sheet information: Current assets$ 800$ 750 Property, plant, and equipment (net) 2,100 1,950 Total assets$2,900$2,700 Current liabilities$ 250$ 400 Long-term liabilities 950 750 Paid-in capital 1,000 1,000 Retained earnings 700 550 Liabilities and shareholders’ equity$2,900$2,700 Required: 1. Determine the following ratios for 2006: a. profit margin on sales b. return on assets c. return on shareholders’ equity 2. Determine the amount of dividends paid to shareholders during 2006. PROBLEMS Problem 5-1 Installment sales; alternative recognition methods ( LO1 LO2 On October 31, 2006, the Dionne Company sold merchandise to the Parker Corporation for $800,000. Terms of the sale called for a down payment of $200,000 and three annual installments of $200,000 due on each October 31, beginning October 31, 2007. Each installment also will include interest on the unpaid balance applying an appropriate interest rate. The book value of the merchandise on Dionne’s books on the date of sale was $400,000. The perpetual inventory system is used. The company’s fiscal year end is December 31. Required: 1. Prepare a table showing the amount of gross profit to be recognized in each of the four years of the installment sale applying each of the following methods: a. Point of delivery revenue recognition. b. Installment sales method. c. Cost recovery method. 2. Prepare journal entries for each of the four years applying the three revenue recognition methods listed in requirement 1. Ignore interest charges. 3. Prepare a partial balance sheet as of the end of 2006 and 2007 listing the items related to the installment sale applying each of the three methods listed in requirement 1. Problem 5-2 Percentage-of-completion method LO4 In the year 2006, the Malinkrodt Construction Company entered into a contract to construct a road for Dade County for $15,000,000. The road was completed in 2008. Information related to the contract is as follows: 200620072008 Costs incurred during the year$4,000,000$4,800,000$4,200,000 Estimated costs to complete as of year-end8,000,000 4,000,000 Billings during th e year 3,500,000 5,000,000 6,500,000 Cash collections during the year2,800,000 5,600,000 6,600,000 Malinkrodt uses the percentage-of-completion method of accounting for long-term construction contracts. Required: 1. Calculate the amount of gross profit to be recognized in each of the three years. 2. Prepare all necessary journal entries for each of the years (credit â€Å"Various accounts† for construction costs incurred). 3. Prepare a partial balance sheet for 2006 and 2007 showing any items related to the contract. 4. Calculate the amount of gross profit to be recognized in each of the three years assuming the following costs incurred and costs to complete information: 20062007 2008 Costs incurred during the year$4,000,000$4,200,000$7,200,000 Estimated costs to complete as of year-end8,000,000 7,100,000

Is Global Warming Good or Bad

Most scientists believe that increased use of fossil fuels(coal, oil and so on) is leading to increases in global warming that will have adverse effects such as raised sea levels and the inundation of low lying coastal areas. But some scientists deny this is true, and a very few argue that the good effects of global warming will outweigh the bad ones. Take side in this debate.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Is Global Warming Good or Bad? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Global warming Global warming can be defined as elevation of earth’s global temperature due to the rise in the atmospheric greenhouse gases (Maslin 9). These greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere as a result of human activities, which include industrialization and deforestation that causes an imbalance of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Significantly, human combusts fossils fuels such as gasoline and coal that re leases heavy amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. When this happens, a phenomenon called the greenhouse effect arises. This leads to a blanketing effect that causes the earth’s average temperature to rise. In my opinion, global warming causes adverse effects that outweighs the positives and therefore, efforts should be invested to manage it through mitigation in order to lessen greenhouse gases emissions, adapting to its effects and through geo-engineering to eliminate the greenhouse gases out of the atmosphere. Such international efforts to achieve this are outlined by the Kyoto and Montreal Protocols. Effects of Global Warming Some scientist opposes to the occurrence of global warming claiming that indeed, the planet is cooling. Besides, they maintain that its occurrence is still unclear and maintains that global warming is a hoax and even if it was there, it could not necessarily imply a global disaster and if anything, man would adapt to its effects. However, in my opinion, this argument is incorrect since its effects are apparent. This is marked by retreating of glacier that causes rise in sea level and even inundation of coastal lowlands. Massive ices sheets have melted in the polar and mountain icecaps (Braasch Bill 27). Hence Northern latitudes experiences widespread impacts of global warming since the arctic and Antarctic poles retreat to expose tundra while oceans absorb the heat, which should have been reflected back into the atmosphere. This causes a rise in sea levels that could dislocate residents of coastal regions while rising sea levels would cause more evaporation of vapor resulting to more clouds hence rise in precipitation levels probably in regions that its unwanted causing flashfloods and monsoons (Maslin 37).Advertising Looking for critical writing on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The planet heats up through trapping of high frequency sola r radiations such as ultraviolet, which transverses the ozone layer. The planetary surface re-eradiate the energy and transmits it as low frequency (long wave band) thermal radiation called infrared. These are absorbed by the atmospheric greenhouse gases and get scattered to emit heat energy that warms the earth surface. This process is regulated by the concentration of greenhouse gases, which have continued to rise since the industrial revolution. The earth has become warmer and climate change and its effects are now more real than ever (Oxlade 8). The greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbons, nitrous oxides, water vapor as well as ozone (Oxlade 8). The main source of the major greenhouse gas which is carbon dioxide is combustion of fossil fuels that are used to drive daily human activities. These include transport, generation of electricity, space heating and cooking. Besides, human continue to encroach the natural vegetation through clearing of forests fo r urbanization and agricultural activities. Additionally, population growth has also contributed to global warming since they continue to clear forests and more so, they use more fossil fuels that produce carbon dioxide (Casper 49). Hence, there results an imbalance of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Greenhouse effect leads to the trapping of heat energy in the surface of the earth and average temperatures elevate. The rise in global temperatures continues to cause modifications in precipitation patterns. This could cause extension of subtropical deserts. Severe weather conditions such as heat waves and frequent draughts will result. All these changes might cause species extinction since some will fail to adapt to the changing climatic changes (Casper 131). In the recent decades, global warming is apparent and the rate in which the planet is experiencing this is unprecedented. This is reflected by computer climate models that estimate the rates at which the planet’s average tempe rature is rising. Global warming and its effects has raised controversial debates since mainstream scientists approve that the issue is a serious one that gradually becomes worse. However, some disagrees with this view that is rejected by some who insists that it is not an issue to raise eyebrows. However this standpoint seems illogic since the mainstream scientists asserts that however slight these changes are, they are accompanied by great climatic changes, which are characterized by adverse effects. The rising temperatures results to frequent droughts, flash floods and hurricanes which are remarkably detrimental to residents of precarious regions or those who rely on agriculture. Food security is threatened due to massive crop failure (Houghton 164). Water supplies will be affected leading to less agriculture while sanitation and economic growth will be impeded, not to mention the destruction of ecosystems. Global warming would cause increase in vectors that would continue to cau se diseases such as malaria even in regions that were considered free since there is a warm weather and floods for them to breed.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Is Global Warming Good or Bad? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The geologic time has depicted a rise the earth’s average temperature that has varied by five degrees Celsius over millions of years. Today, scientists assert that earth’s temperature that has increased by 0.6 oC from eighteen hundreds is expected to increase by 1.4 to 5.8 oC in the twenty-first century alone (IPCC 5). This is an unusual change, which has definite effects on the planet whose life depends on i.e. ocean, hydrological and nutrient cycles. This would cause a disruption of the ecosystems that supports life by provision of clean water, food and other nutrients. Besides, it would enhance an apparent environmental stress that includes deserts, droughts, dep letion of stratospheric ozone, deforestation as well as pollution. From research, it is clear that climatic changes have to impact biodiversity, which could be lost as species get extinct. Coral populations for instance have declined due to ocean acidification and warmer conditions. This causes bleaching of these species among others that inhabits the ocean ecosystem (IPCC 5). Our civilization lies at the mercy of the global climate change. Nations have based their economy such as ports and cities along the coastal areas with the hope that water levels would be constant. But what are they getting in return? Unpredictable extreme storms like hurricanes, cyclones and tornadoes that wipe away their years of extensive labor, invested to build the economies. Global warming will cause environmental and socio-economic effects that could be very enormous. These effects are long-term and real since they can be quantified by scientists. Even if declining the emission of greenhouse gases is th e top agenda, the world must be ready to respond to these changes. The public need to become aware of the climatic changes that are to be expected and how to respond to them. These are some of the uncertainties that should be expected to be frequent as human feeds more and more carbon dioxide to the already nauseated atmosphere. To mitigate this, it is the role of all nations to draft policies that are aimed at reducing emission of these gases. Besides, the world should stop being over-reliant on fossil fuels and look for alternative renewable sources of energy. Besides, every individual has to adjust their lifestyle while planting more trees instead of cutting them down. Conclusion Current debates regarding global warming and climate change are geared at reducing emission of greenhouse gases, which is a sensible move. This is because failure to do so will cause further elevation of atmospheric greenhouse gases, which would amplify the effects.Advertising Looking for critical writing on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, this does not necessarily require man to wait and see but has to make preparations to adapt to these changes. Adaptation together with mitigation should be complementary through proper planning that would reduce future costs (IPCC 21). Adaptive measures will be of importance since it would offer immediate help to the vulnerable groups and more benefits in future. These can be drafted to address issues such as biodiversity loss for a better and resilient future world. All the same, a great challenge lies ahead since we are uncertain about climatic changes and how man should adapt towards them. This is because there are several variables, which include rise in population, economic, technological and environmental issues that keeps on changing. This calls for an integrated approach. Therefore, let’s safeguard the natural environment today for the sake of the future of this planet we call home. Works Cited Braasch, Gary Bill McKibben. Earth Under Fire: How Global Warmin g Is Changing the World. New York: University of California Press, 2009. Print. Casper, Julie. Changing Ecosystems: Effects of Global Warming. New York: Infobase Publishing, 2009. Print. Houghton, John. Global Warming: The Complete Briefing. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Print. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). How Will Global Warming Affect my World? A Simplified Guide to the IPCC’s â€Å"Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability† United Nations Environment Program (UNEP). Web. Maslin, Mark. Global Warming: Causes, Effects, and the Future. St. Paul, MN: MBI Publishing Company, 2007. Print. Oxlade, Chris. Global Warming. Mankato, MN: Capstone Press, 2006. Print. This critical writing on Is Global Warming Good or Bad? was written and submitted by user Dalia Lott to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.